The MS-DOS Encyclopedia
Indexes
SUBJECT
This index lists entries by subject only.
Please use the Command and System Call Index for specific entries.
Symbols and Numerals
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
! (exclamation point)
SYMDEB
# (number sign). See also EDLIN commands
CREF
* (asterisk)
EDLIN
SYMDEB
wildcard
- (hyphen)
DEBUG prompt
SYMDEB prompt
. (period). See also EDLIN commands
SYMDEB
. and .. (directory aliases)
/ (slash)
directories
SYMDEB
: (colon)
EDLIN
hexadecimal object file format
SYMDEB
; (semicolon), APPEND
<, >, and >> (redirection symbols)
ECHO
filters and
PAUSE
REM
SYMDEB
= (equal sign), SYMDEB
? (question mark)
PROMPT
SYMDEB
@ (at sign)
\ (backslash)
directories
{ } (braces), SYMDEB
| (piping character)
ECHO
REM
~ (tilde), SYMDEB
86-DOS operating system
as basis for MS-DOS
4004. See Intel 4004 chip
8008. See Intel 8008 chip
8080. See Intel 8080 chip
8086. See Intel 8086 chip
8250. See INS8250 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)
8259. See Intel 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC)
80186. See Intel 80186 chip
80188. See Intel 80188 chip
80286. See Intel 80286 chip
80386. See Intel 80386 chip
A
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Absolute Disk Read. See Interrupt 25H
Absolute Disk Write. See Interrupt 26H
Address, defined
Advanced run length limited (ARLL) encoding
align type parameters
Allen, Paul (figs.)
in the development of early BASIC
in the development of MS-DOS
Allocate Memory Block. See Interrupt 21H Function 48H
Alphabetic Sort Filter (SORT)
Altair computer, and BASIC language
Alternate Disk Reset. See Interrupt 13H Function 0DH
ANSI Console Driver. See ANSI.SYS
ANSI.SYS
AUTOEXEC.BAT and
controlling the screen with
key and extended key codes
APPEND command
MS-DOS version 3.3
Append Lines from Disk (EDLIN A)
Application programs
structure of
.COM programs
.EXE programs
as transient
writing for upward compatibility
hardware issues
operating-system issues
Applications Program Interface. See Family API
Arithmetic, hexadecimal
ASCII format
character set
cross-reference listing
display content of memory in
display lookup table
entering strings
escape sequences
make files, and MAKE utility
strings with environmental variables
text files
ASCIIZ strings
ASCTBL.C program
correct code (fig.)
correction of
expected output (fig.)
incorrect code
Assemble Machine Instructions
DEBUG A
SYMDEB A
Assembly-language programs
acceptance/translation of
active TSR (video buffer dump)
block-device driver
character-device driver
character-oriented filter
communications device driver
communications port monitor
disassembling machine instructions into
filter as child process
handler for UART interrupts
line-oriented filter
lowercase filter
message program
modem engine
MS-DOS shell substitute
parent and child examples
passive TSR (pop-up)
replacement Interrupt 00H handler
replacement Interrupt 24H handler
root and overlay examples
support files for terminal emulator
symbol cross-referencing in, with CREF
test program for communications port monitor
translation into relocatable object module (see Microsoft Macro
Assembler)
volume label updating program
ASSIGN command
APPEND and
BACKUP and
CHKDSK and
DISKCOMP and
DISKCOPY and
JOIN and
LABEL and
MKDIR/MD
Assign Drive Alias (ASSIGN)
Assign Standard Input/Output Device (CTTY)
Asynchronous, defined
AT address parameter
AT Probe hardware debugging aid
ATTRIB command
MS-DOS version 3.3
AUTOEXEC.BAT file (BATCH)
environments and
MODE and
VER and
AUX (auxiliary input/output) See also COM1; Serial
communications ports
filters and
implementing modem engine with MS-DOS functions
I/O
opening
Auxiliary Input. See Interrupt 21H Function 03H
Auxiliary Output. See Interrupt 21H Function 04H
B
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Background program
BACKUP command
ASSIGN and
ATTRIB and
JOIN and
MS-DOS version 3.3
RESTORE and
Back Up Files (BACKUP)
BACKUPID.@@@ control file
BADSCOP.ASM program
correction of
incorrect version of
BASIC (language), role of, in development of MS-DOS
Batch file(s)
AUTOEXEC.BAT
COMMAND.COM and
directives
@ command
CALL command
ECHO command
FOR command
GOTO command
IF command
PAUSE command
REM command
SHIFT command
executing commands stored in
MS-DOS version 3.3
suspend execution of
.BAT file. See Batch file(s)
Baud rate
BDOS (Basic Disk Operating System), CP/M
Bebic, Mark
Binary operators, SYMDEB
Binary-to-hexadecimal file conversion utility program
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
CP/M
MS-DOS
ROM 62 (see also Interrupts 10H through 1AH)
BIOS parameter block (BPB) (fig.)
build function, in device drivers
format (table)
Bit bucket. See NUL device
Bit parity
Bit rate divisor table for 8250 IBM UART chip (table)
Bits per second (bps)
Block device(s) See also Fixed disk; Floppy disk; RAMdisk
critical error handling
drivers
file system and
layout of a physical
partition layout
setting highest logical
setting parameters
Bootable devices, loading (fig.)
Boot sector
hexadecimal dump of (fig.)
map of (fig.)
Bootstrapping, operating system
BOUND Range Exceeded exception. See Interrupt 05H
BREAK command
BREAK command (CONFIG.SYS)
BREAK condition
Breakpoints
clearing
DEBUG use of
disabling
enabling
hardware
listing
setting
SYMDEB use of
trapping
Breakpoint Trap exception. See Interrupt 03H
Brock, Rod
Buffered Keyboard Input. See Interrupt 21H Function 0AH
BUFFERS command (CONFIG.SYS)
Byte(s)
displaying
entering
BYTE alignment
C
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
CALL command (BATCH)
Calls menu (CodeView)
Cancel Assign-List Entry
Cassette/Network Service. See Interrupt 15H
CAV (constant angular velocity) disks
C Compiler, Microsoft
environmental variables in
general structure of C program (fig.)
memory model use with
utilities supplied with
CCP (Console Command Processor), CP/M
CD command. See CHDIR/CD command
CD ROM storage
CDVUTL.C communications driver-status utility
code
program functions (table)
Central processing unit (CPU), speed of, and compatibility issues
CH1.ASM program
exception handler module
module functions (table)
set_mdm() parameter coding (table)
CH2.ASM program
Change Code Page (CHCP)
Change Current Directory. See Interrupt 21H Function 3BH
Change Current Directory (CHDIR or CD)
Change File Attributes (ATTRIB)
Change Filename (RENAME or REN)
Change Sharing Retry Count
Character-device input/output. See also Display output; Graphics;
Input/output (I/O); Parallel port; Printer; Screen; Serial
communications ports
accessing character devices
background information on
basic MS-DOS devices
display
keyboard
parallel port and printer
raw versus cooked mode
serial communications ports
standard devices
standard devices as support for filters
copying files
critical error handling
defined keyboard
device drivers
IOCTL subfunctions
screen dump in graphics mode to printer
specify for standard input/output
system calls for
Character-device management commands
CLS
CTTY
GRAFTABL
KEYBxx
MODE
PRINT
Character Input with Echo. See Interrupt 21H Function 01H
Character Input Without Echo. See Interrupt 21H Function 08H
Character Output. See Interrupt 21H Function 02H
Character string, finding
CHCP command
CHDIR/CD command
Check Disk Status (CHKDSK)
Check for Change of Floppy Disk Status. See Interrupt 13H Function 16H
Check If Block Device Is Remote. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Sub-
function 09H
Check If Block Device Is Removable. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 08H
Check If Handle Is Remote. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 0AH
Check Input Status. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 06H
Check Keyboard Status. See Interrupt 21H Function 0BH
Check Output Status. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 07H
CHILD.ASM program
Child program(s)
filters used as
using EXEC to load/run
examining return codes
parent and child program example
preparing parameters for
running child programs
CHKDSK command
C language programs
ASCII lookup program
attribute listing program
character-oriented filter
control program for communications port monitor
debugging with SYMDEB
demonstration Windows program
driver-status utility
line-oriented filter
lowercase filter
new FIND filter program
object module dump utility
terminal emulator
class type parameters
Clear Breakpoints (SYMDEB BC)
Clear Screen (CLS)
Clipboard (Windows)
Clock
setting date
setting system time
CLOCK$
Closed-loop servomechanism
Close File. See Interrupt 21H Function 3EH
Close File with FCB. See Interrupt 21H Function 10H
CLPBRD utility (Windows)
CLS command
Clusters, file data
CLV (constant linear velocity) disks
Cmacros
CMACROSX.INC
COBOL (language)
Code-page switching
CodeView utility
description
dialog window commands
display window commands
Calls menu
File menu
Help menu
Language menu
Options menu
Run menu
Search menu
View menu
Watch menu
instrumentation debugging with
key commands
messages
screen (fig.)
screen output debugging with
Cold boot
Color capabilities, of display
Color/Graphics Adapter (CGA)
COM1 (first serial communications port)
COM2 (second serial communications port)
combine type parameters
COMDEF Communal Names object record
COMDVR.ASM communications device driver
buffering
code
debugging techniques
definitions
headers and structure tables
Initialization Request routine
interrupt service routine
Start_output routine
strategy and request routines
using
COMENT Comment object record
Command(s). See individual command names
defining command search path
execution of, with COMMAND.COM
by functional group
internal, external, and batch
interpreting text file of, with MAKE
PC-DOS, added to MS-DOS version 3.3
COMMAND.COM
batch files and
command execution with
define prompt
escape to
EXEC use with
I/O redirection in
loading
MS-DOS environments and
parts of
specifying/replacing, with SHELL
split personality of
SYS and
terminating
transient/resident portions of
COMMAND command. See also COMMAND.COM
Command processor. See COMMAND.COM; SHELL command
Command Processor (COMMAND)
Command tail
in child program execution
DEBUG initializing of
FCB functions and
name parameters
COMMDUMP.BAS program
Comment line
including with REM
in make files
SYMDEB
Commit File
COMMON parameter
COMMSCMD.BAS program
COMMSCMD.C program
as a .COD file for SYMDEB debugging
correction of
stopping a trace in
COMMSCOP.ASM program
Communications, interrupt-driven
device driver
hardware for
8250 UART architecture
modem
serial port
memory-resident device driver
COMDRV.ASM
driver-status utility CDVUTL.C
modem engine
vs traditional method
program, purpose of
traditional device driver
exception handler module
hardware ISR module
smart terminal emulator CTERM.C
video display module
using simple MS-DOS functions
Compact memory model
COMPAQ-DOS operating system
Compare Files (COMP)
Compare Files (FC)
Compare Floppy Disks (DISKCOMP)
Compare Memory Areas
DEBUG C
SYMDEB C
Compatibility issues
8086/8088 and 80286
MS-DOS and MS OS/2
hardware
operating system
COMP command
MS-DOS version 3.3
Compress .EXE File (EXEPACK)
.COM program files
converting .EXE programs to executable
creating
vs .EXE programs
giving control to
memory allocated for
memory map with register pointers (fig.)
patching using DEBUG
terminating
COMSPEC variable
CON (console input/output)
See also Display output; Screen
batch commands for
filter and
opening
Conditional execution, using IF to perform
CONFIG.SYS system configuration
configuring Control-C checking
configuring internal disk buffers
configuring internal stacks
environments and
installing device drivers
setting block-device parameters
setting country code
setting highest logical drive
setting maximum open files with FCBs
setting maximum open files with handles
specifying command processor
Configurable External-Disk-Drive Driver (DRIVER.SYS)
Configure Control-C Checking (BREAK)
Configure Device (MODE)
Configure Fixed Disk (FDISK)
Configure Internal Disk Buffers (BUFFERS)
Configure Internal Stacks (STACKS)
Configure Printer (MODE)
Configure Serial Port (MODE)
Configure System Disk for a Specific Country (SELECT)
Console. See Keyboard; Screen
Control-Break, exception handling
Control-Break (user defined). See Interrupt 1BH
Control-C
configuring check
setting check
Control-C exception handler
customizing
processing Control-C
Control-C Handler Address. See Interrupt 23H
Controller Diagnostics. See Interrupt 13H Function 14H
CONTROL Panel (Windows)
Control-Z in EDLIN commands
Conventional memory
block move from extended memory to
functions to support (table)
using functions in
Convert .EXE File to Binary-Image File (EXE2BIN)
Cooked versus raw mode
Coprocessor Error exception. See Interrupt 10H
Coprocessor Not Available exception. See Interrupt 07H
Coprocessor Segment Overrun exception. See Interrupt 09H
COPY command
ASSIGN and
batch files and
DISKCOPY and
escape sequences using
Copy File or Device (COPY)
Copy Files (XCOPY)
Copy Floppy Disk (DISKCOPY)
Copy Lines (EDLIN C)
Country, configure disk for a specific
COUNTRY command (CONFIG.SYS)
BACKUP and
development of
MS-DOS version 3.3
setting date
setting time
CP/M operating system
compatibility with
competition with MS-DOS
file management
Create Directory. See Interrupt 21H Function 39H
Create .EXE File (LINK)
Create File with FCB. See Interrupt 21H Function 16H
Create File with Handle. See Interrupt 21H Function 3CH
Create New File. See Interrupt 21H Function 5BH
Create New Program Segment Prefix. See Interrupt 21H Function 26H
Create Symbol File for SYMDEB (MAPSYM)
Create Temporary File. See Interrupt 21H Function 5AH
CREF utility
Critical error handler
customized
mechanics of
processing
in TSR programs
Critical Error Handler Address. See Interrupt 24H
CTERM.C terminal emulator program
functions (table)
prototype file CTERM.H (fig.)
Ctrl-Break. See Control-Break
Ctrl-C. See Control-C
Ctrl-Z. See Control-Z in EDLIN commands
CTTY command
Cursor movement, escape sequences to control
Cylinder, disk
D
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Data
entering into memory
moving (copying)
sharing/exchange in Windows
Data area, DEBUG initializing
Data files, setting a search path for. See APPEND command
DATE command
Debugging in MS-DOS
art of
communications device driver
hardware debugging aids
inspection and observation
instrumentation
external
internal
software debugging monitors
CodeView (see also CodeView utility)
DEBUG (see also DEBUG utility)
SYMDEB (see also SYMDEB utility)
summary of example programs to illustrate
DEBUG utility
A command
basic techniques
breakpoints
C command
D command
E command
establishing initial conditions
F command
G command
H command
I command
L command
M command
N command
O command
patching .COM programs with
patching .EXE programs with
P command
Q command
R command
S command
T command
U command
using Write commands
W command
Define Command Search Path (PATH)
Define Keyboard (KEYBxx)
Define System Prompt (PROMPT)
DEL/ERASE command
Delete File. See Interrupt 21H Function 13H; Interrupt 21H Function 41H
Delete File (DEL or ERASE)
Delete Lines (EDLIN D)
Desk-checking
Development of MS-DOS
before MS-DOS
creating MS-DOS
future of MS-DOS
hardware and
international market and
software and
versions 1.x
versions 2.x
versions 3.x
DEVICE command (CONFIG.SYS)
MS-DOS version 3.3
Device driver(s)
Device driver(s), installable. See also ANSI.SYS; Block
device(s); Character-device input/output; RAMDRIVE.SYS;
VDISK.SYS
development of, in MS-DOS version 2.0
loading/initializing (fig.)
processing of a typical I/O request
relationship to resident
structure of
device header
interrupt routine
strategy routine
writing
TEMPLATE example
TINYDISK example
Device driver, installable communications package
memory-resident generic
CDVUTL.C utility
COMDVR.ASM device driver
modem engine
vs traditional method
traditional
exception-handler module
hardware ISR module
terminal emulator CTERM.C
video display module
Device driver(s), resident
relationship to installable device drivers
Device header
device attribute word in (table)
DGROUP
Dialog boxes (Windows)
Dialog window commands (CodeView)
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
Digital Research, development of CP/M
DIR.ASM program
DIR command
DIRDUMP.C program
Direct Console I/O. See Interrupt 21H Function 06H
Direct memory access. See DMA (direct memory access) controller
Directory. See also Subdirectory; Volume label(s)
alias
analyzing for errors
attribute field (fig.)
changing current
copying
current
date/time fields (fig.)
displaying
displaying structure
format
functional support for
creating/deleting
examining/modifying
MS-DOS functions for accessing (table)
programming examples
searching
specifying current
wildcard characters
hexadecimal dump of (fig.)
initializing
joining to disk
making
removing
root (see Root directory)
structure (fig.)
system calls for
Directory management commands
APPEND
CHDIR/CD
MKDIR/MD
PATH
RMDIR/RD
TREE
Disable Breakpoints (SYMDEB BD)
Disable Source Display Mode (SYMDEB S -)
Disassemble (Unassemble) Program
DEBUG U
SYMDEB U
Disk
checking status of
configuring for a specific country
configuring internal buffer
directories (see Directory)
displaying volume label
fixed (see Fixed disk)
floppy (see Floppy disk)
initialize
joining to directory
name (see Volume label[s])
recovering files from damaged
structure of
virtual
writing file/sectors to
Disk cache, configure
Disk Parameter Pointer. See Interrupt 1EH
DISKCOMP command
ASSIGN and
JOIN and
DISKCOPY command
ASSIGN and
JOIN and
Disk management commands
ASSIGN
DISKCOMP
DISKCOPY
FORMAT
LABEL
SUBST
SYS
VERIFY
VOL
Disk management system calls
Disk Reset
Disk Services. See Interrupt 13H
Disk transfer area (DTA)
default
getting address (see Interrupt 21H Function 2FH)
setting address (see Interrupt 21H Function 1AH)
TSR programs
Display 10-Byte Reals (SYMDEB DT)
Display ASCII (SYMDEB DA)
Display by Screenful (MORE)
Display Bytes (SYMDEB DB)
Display Directory (DIR)
Display Directory Structure (TREE)
Display Disk Name (VOL)
Display Doublewords (SYMDEB DD)
Display File (TYPE)
Display in Pages (EDLIN P)
Display Long Reals (SYMDEB DL)
Display Memory
DEBUG D
SYMDEB D
Display Memory Areas
Display or Modify Registers
DEBUG R
SYMDEB R
Display output. See also Character-device input/output; CON; Screen
of batch-file execution
CH2.ASM communications module
color capability of
controlling the screen
cursor movement control
debugging with CodeView
erasing
graphics attributes
in pages
programming examples
role of ROM BIOS in
by screenful
setting mode
width
wrap around
Display Short Reals (SYMDEB DS)
Display Source Line (SYMDEB .)
Display String. See Interrupt 21H Function 09H
Display Text (ECHO)
Display Version (VER)
Display window commands (CodeView)
Display Words (SYMDEB DW)
Divide by Zero exception. See Interrupt 00H
DIVZERO.ASM program
DMA (direct memory access) controller
/DOSSEG switch, LINK use of
Double-Fault Exception. See Interrupt 08H
Doublewords
displaying
entering
Drive(s)
assigning aliases
substituting for subdirectory
DRIVER.SYS
DRIVPARM command (CONFIG.SYS)
/DSALLOCATE switch, LINK use of
Dump. See Display Memory
Duplicate File Handle. See Interrupt 21H Function 45H
Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
E
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
EBCDIC character set
ECHO command (BATCH)
and PAUSE
Edit Line (EDLIN linenumber)
EDLIN commands
A command
C command
D command
E command
escape character in
I command
L command
linenumber command
M command
P command
Q command
R command
S command
T command
W command
Enable Breakpoints (SYMDEB BE)
Enable Source and Machine Code Display Mode (SYMDEB S&)
Enable Source Display Mode (SYMDEB S+)
End Editing Session (EDLIN E)
ENGINE.ASM program
Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)
MS-DOS version 3.3 code-page switching
Enter 10-Byte Reals (SYMDEB ET)
Enter ASCII String (SYMDEB EA)
Enter Bytes (SYMDEB EB)
Enter Comment (SYMDEB *)
Enter Data
DEBUG E
SYMDEB E
Enter Doublewords (SYMDEB ED)
Enter Long Reals (SYMDEB EL)
Enter Short Reals (SYMDEB ES)
Enter Words (SYMDEB EW)
Environment(s)
in child program execution
MS-DOS operating
Environment variable, set
Equipment Information. See Interrupt 11H
ERASE. See DEL/ERASE command
Error codes
device-driver (table)
extended, in MS-DOS version 3.3
MS-DOS, MS OS/2 compatibility
Error handling. See also Critical error handler; Extended error information
file control block
file handle function
Error messages
Escape (Esc) characters
in CTERM.C terminal emulator
Escape sequences, controlling screen display with
Escape to Shell (SYMDEB !)
Evans, Eric
Examine Symbol Map (SYMDEB X)
Exception handler(s)
communications device driver
Control-C handler
critical error handler
extended error information
hardware-generated exception interrupts
overview of
EXE2BIN utility
EXEC function. See also Interrupt 21H Function 4BH
functioning of
loading external commmands with
loading overlays with
loading and executing
making memory available
preparing parameters
program example
loading programs with
making memory available
parent and child program example
preparing parameters
running child programs
using COMMAND.COM with
loading shell program with
running SORT as a child process with
EXECSORT.ASM program
Execute Command on File Set (FOR)
EXEMOD utility
EXEPACK utility
.EXE program files
compressing
vs .COM programs
controlling the structure of
MASM GROUP directive
MASM SEGMENT directive
sample program
converting to binary memory-image and .COM files
creating with LINK (fig.) (see also Object Linker)
giving control to
preallocated memory
program segment prefix
registers
stacks
loading
memory allocated to
memory diagram (fig.)
memory map report (fig.)
memory map segments (see Memory segments)
memory models and
modifying file header with EXEMOD
patching with DEBUG
structure of
file header
load module
terminating
RET instruction
Terminate Process function
Terminate Process with Return Code function
Terminate Program interrupt
terminating and staying resident
Warm Boot/Terminate vector
Windows construction of
EXIT command
Expanded memory
checking for
manager
relationship to conventional memory (fig.)
using the manager
error codes (table)
program skeleton (fig.)
software interface to application programs provided by
(table)
Expanded Memory Specification (EMS)
EXP.BAS programs
corrected code
incorrect code
EXTDEF External Names Definition object record
Extended error information
Function 59H and newer system calls
Function 59H and older system calls
MS-DOS version 3.3
MS-DOS versions 2.0 and 3.0
TSR set/get functions
Extended memory
block move descriptor table format (table)
PC/AT ROM BIOS Interrupt 15H functions(tables)
program transferring data from, to conventional memory
External disk drive, configurable driver for
F
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Family API
FASTOPEN command
FCBS command (CONFIG.SYS)
FC command
FDISK command
MS-DOS version 3.3
File allocation table (FAT)
analyze for errors
assembly-language routine to access 12-bit and 16-bit (figs.)
development of
initialize
relationship to file data area (fig.)
space allocation (fig.)
File(s) and file/record management. See also Batch file(s); .COM
program files; .EXE program files
attribute getting/setting
backing up
changing name
changing read-only/archive attributes
closing
with FCBs
with handles
comparing
copying
creating
with FCBs
with handles
date/time getting and setting
date/time stamping of
delete/erase command and
deleting
with FCBs
with handles
displaying
duplicating/redirecting handles
error handling
with FCBs
with handles
file control block (see File control blocks)
finding size of, and testing for existence
getting/setting file attributes
getting/setting file date and time
handles (see File handles)
hidden
historical perspective
loading
MS-DOS version 3.3 changes
names (see Filenames)
opening existing
with FCBs
with handles
positioning the read/write pointer
reading and writing
with FCBs
with handles
recovering
renaming
with FCBs
with handles
restoring backup
setting maximum open
system calls for
transferring system
transferring with EDLINT
updating
writing file or sectors
File control blocks (FCBs)
closing files
compatibility issues
creating files
DEBUG initializing
default, in executing child programs
deleting files
error handling and
extended
finding file size and testing for existence
opening files
parsing filenames
program segment prefixes and
reading/writing files
renaming files
setting maximum open files using
structure of
extended (table) (fig.)
normal (fig.) (table)
File data area
relationship to FAT
File handles
closing a file
creating a file
deleting a file
duplicating and redirecting handles
error handling
getting/setting date and time
getting/setting file attributes
opening an existing file
positioning the read/write pointer
reading and writing with
renaming a file
File header
modify with EXEMOD
segmented (new) .EXE format
File management commands
ATTRIB
BACKUP
COMP
COPY
DEL/ERASE
EDLIN
FC
RECOVER
RENAME/REN
REPLACE
RESTORE
TYPE
XCOPY
File management system, MS-DOS
networking and
versions 2.x
File menu (CodeView)
Filenames
common extensions for
compatibility issues
parameters
parsing
FILES command (CONFIG.SYS)
File set, execute command or program on a
File sharing support, installing
File system
block device layout of
boot sector
file allocation table
file area
root directory
MS-DOS kernel
Fill Memory
DEBUG F
SYMDEB F
Filter(s)
building
how filters work
system support for
used as child process
Filter commands
Find Character String (FIND)
FIND command
FIND.C program
Find First File. See Interrupt 21H Function 11H; Interrupt 21H Function 4EH
Find Next File. See Interrupt 21H Function 12H; Interrupt 21H Function 4FH
Fixed disk
configuring
interleaving (fig.)
layout of
partitions
sectors
FIXUPP Fixup object record
examples
fixup field
FRAME fixup methods
location
TARGET fixup methods
thread field
Flags
display with DEBUG
maintained by DEBUG
maintained by SYMDEB
Floating-point numbers
display
10-byte
long (64-bit)
short (32-bit)
enter
10-byte
long (64-bit)
short (32-bit)
Floppy disk
comparing
copying
layout of
sectors
Flow control
Flush Buffer, Read Keyboard. See Interrupt 21H Function 0CH
Flux reversal
Force Duplicate File Handle. See Interrupt 21H Function 46H
FOR command (BATCH)
Foreground program
Format and Verify Track on Logical Drive. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 0DH
FORMAT command
ASSIGN and
directory format
DISKCOPY and
FDISK and
JOIN and
Format Disk Tracks. See Interrupt 13H Function 05H
FORTRAN (language)
FORTRAN Compiler, Microsoft
memory models using
utilities with
Free Memory Block. See Interrupt 21H Function 49H
Frequency modulation (FM) recording
Function calls. See System calls
G
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Gates, Bill (fig.) (fig.)
in the development of early BASIC
in the development of MS-DOS
General Protection exception. See Interrupt 0DH
Generate Cross-Reference Listing (CREF)
Generic I/O Control for Block Devices. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 0DH
Generic I/O Control for Handles. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 0CH
Get and Set Time. See Interrupt 1AH
Get Assign-List Entry. See Interrupt 21H Function 5FH Subfunction 02H
Get Current Country. See Interrupt 21H Function 38H
Get Current Directory. See Interrupt 21H Function 47H
Get Current Disk. See Interrupt 21H Function 19H
Get Current Drive Parameters. See Interrupt 13H Function 08H
Get Current Video Mode. See Interrupt 10H Function 0FH
Get Date. See Interrupt 21H Function 2AH
Get Default Drive Data. See Interrupt 21H Function 1BH
Get Device Data. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 00H
Get Disk Free Space. See Interrupt 21H Function 36H
Get Disk Status. See Interrupt 13H Function 01H
Get Disk Type. See Interrupt 13H Function 15H
Get Drive Data. See Interrupt 21H Function 1CH
Get DTA Address. See Interrupt 21H Function 2FH
Get Extended Country Information. See Interrupt 21H Function 65H
Get Extended Error Information. See Interrupt 21H Function 59H
Get File Size. See Interrupt 21H Function 23H
Get Interrupt Vector. See Interrupt 21H Function 35H
Get Lead Byte Table. See Interrupt 21H Function 63H
Get Logical Drive Map. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 0EH
Get Machine Name. See Interrupt 21H Function 5EH Subfunction 00H
Get MS-DOS Version Number. See Interrupt 21H Function 30H
Get Peripheral Equipment List. See Interrupt 11H
Get Port Status. See Interrupt 14H Function 03H
Get Printer Setup. See Interrupt 21H Function 5EH Subfunction 03H
Get Printer Status. See Interrupt 17H Function 02H
Get Program Segment Prefix Address. See Interrupt 21H Function 51H;
Interrupt 21H Function 62H
Get Return Code of the Child Process. See Interrupt 21H Function 4DH
Get/Set Allocation Strategy. See Interrupt 21H Function 58H
Get/Set Control-C Check Flag. See Interrupt 21H Function 33H
Get/Set Date/Time of File. See Interrupt 21H Function 57H
Get/Set File Attributes. See Interrupt 21H Function 43H
Get Shift Status. See Interrupt 16H Function 02H
Get Time. See Interrupt 21H Function 2CH
Get/Set Time/Date. See Interrupt 1AH
Get Usable Memory Size (KB). See Interrupt 12H
Get Verify Flag. See Interrupt 21H Function 54H
Gilbert, Paul
Global descriptor table (GDT)
Go
DEBUG G
SYMDEB G
GOTO command (BATCH)
GRAFTABL command
MS-DOS version 3.3
Graphics
loading character set
loading screen-dump program
screen-display attributes
Graphics Character Table. See Interrupt 1FH
GRAPHICS command
Graphics Device Interface (GDI), Windows
bit-block transfers
device context
device-context attributes
device-independent programming
drawing functions
mapping modes
metafiles
raster operations for pens
text and fonts
Greenberg, Bob (fig.)
GROUP directive (MASM), controlling .EXE programs with
sample .EXE program using
GRPDEF Group Definition object record
H
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Handle-type function calls, for accessing character devices
Hangeul characters
Hard disk. See Fixed disk
Hardware
breakpoints
for communications
compatibility issues, with MS OS/2
BIOS
CPU speed
family API
linear vs segmented memory
program timing
protected mode
debugging aids
developers of, and MS-DOS
MS-DOS requirements for
memory
microprocessor
peripheral devices
ROM BIOS
Hardware instrumentation
Hardware interrupts
categories
characteristics of maskable interrupts
handling maskable interrupts
IBM interrupt usage (table)
Intel reserved exception (table) (table)
programming for
sample replacement handler
supplementary handlers
Hardware IRQ0 (timer tick). See Interrupt 08H
Hardware IRQ1 (keyboard). See Interrupt 09H
Hardware IRQ2 (reserved). See Interrupt 0AH
Hardware IRQ3 (COM2). See Interrupt 0BH
Hardware IRQ4 (COM1). See Interrupt 0CH
Hardware IRQ5 (fixed disk). See Interrupt 0DH
Hardware IRQ6 (floppy disk). See Interrupt 0EH
Hardware IRQ7 (printer). See Interrupt 0FH
Heads, read/write
HELLO.ASM program
as typical object module
Help menu (CodeView)
Help or Evaluate Expression (SYMDEB ?)
Hercules Graphics Card
Hewlett Packard HP150 computer
Hexadecimal arithmetic
binary-to-hexadecimal file conversion utility
Hexadecimal bytes
displaying contents of memory as
entering into memory
Hexadecimal object file format
.HEX files, and DEBUG
/HIGH switch, LINK use of
Hooks, MS-DOS
Hot-key sequence
Huge memory model
I
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
IBMBIO.COM
IBM Corporation computers
interrupt usage (table)
PC (Personal Computer) (figs.)
PC/AT computer
PCjr computer
PC/XT computer (fig.)
Personal System/2, MS-DOS version 3.3
role in the development of MS-DOS
IBMDOS.COM
loading
IBM extended character set
IBM Professional Debug Utility
Idle Interrupt. See Interrupt 28H
IF command (BATCH)
with GOTO
Include Comment Line (REM)
InDOS flag
Inference rule, and MAKE utility
Information management system calls, list
Initialization. See Interrupt 14H Function 00H
Initialize Disk (FORMAT)
Initialize Hard-Disk Parameter Table. See Interrupt 13H Function 09H
Initialize Port Parameters. See Interrupt 14H Function 00H
Initialize Printer. See Interrupt 17H Function 01H
Initial SP value field (.EXE file header)
modifying
Input from Port
DEBUG I
SYMDEB I
Input/output (I/O). See also Character-device input/output
input port
output port
redirection
redirection and filters
SYMDEB redirection
INS8250 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)
architecture
bit rate divisor table (table)
control circuits
interrupt enable register constants (table)
interrupt identification and causes (table)
line control register bit values (table)
line status register bit values (table)
modem control register bit values (table)
port offset from base address (table)
programming interface
receiver
status circuits
transmitter
programming
Insert Lines (EDLIN I)
Inspection-and-observation debugging
Install Device Driver (DEVICE)
Install File-Sharing Support (SHARE)
Instruction sets
8086/8088
80286
80386
Instrumentation debugging
external
internal
INT24.ASM critical error handling program
Intel 4004 chip (fig.)
Intel 8008 chip (fig.)
Intel 8080 chip (fig.)
Intel 8086 chip (fig.)
compatibility issues
exception interrupts (table) (table)
instruction set
interrupt priorities
Intel 8088 chip
compatibility issues
instruction set
Intel 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) (fig.) (fig.).
See also Maskable interrupts
Intel 80186 chip
Intel 80188 chip
Intel 80286 chip (fig.)
compatibility issues
instruction set
Intel 80386 chip (fig.)
compatibility issues
instruction set
Interleaving, disk
Internal disk buffers, configure
Internal stacks
configuring
at entry to a critical error exception handler (fig.)
in .EXE programs
performing stack trace
in TSR programs (fig.)
Internationalization
MS-DOS and
MS-DOS version 2.25
new national language support, MS-DOS version 3.3
support
Windows
Interrupt(s)
configure internal stacks for
daisy-chaining handlers
hardware (see Hardware interrupts)
manual
TSR processing of hardware
Interrupt 00H, Divide by Zero
demonstration handler
Interrupt 01H, Single Step
Interrupt 02H, Nonmaskable Interrupt (NMI)
Interrupt 03H, Breakpoint Trap
Interrupt 04H, Overflow Trap
Interrupt 05H
IBM, Print Screen
Intel, BOUND Range Exceeded
Interrupt 06H
IBM, Unused
Intel, Invalid Opcode
Interrupt 07H
IBM, Unused
Intel, Coprocessor Not Available
Interrupt 08H
IBM, Hardware IRQ0/ (Time Tick)
Intel, Double-Fault Exception
Interrupt 09H
IBM, Hardware IRQ1 (Keyboard)
Intel, Coprocessor Segment Overrun
Interrupt 0AH
IBM, Hardware IRQ2 (Reserved)
Intel, Invalid Task State Segment (TSS)
Interrupt 0BH
IBM, Hardware IRQ3 (COM2)
Intel, Segment Not Present
Interrupt 0CH
IBM, Hardware IRQ4 (COM1)
Intel, Stack Exception
Interrupt 0DH
IBM, Hardware IRQ5 (Fixed Disk)
Intel, General Protection Exception
Interrupt 0EH
IBM, Hardware IRQ6 (Floppy Disk)
Intel, Page Fault
Interrupt 0FH
IBM, Hardware IRQ7 (Printer)
Intel, Reserved
Interrupt 10H
IBM, PC ROM BIOS video driver
Function 00H, Set Video Mode
Function 01H, Set Cursor Size and Shape
Function 02H, Set Cursor Position
Function 03H, Read Cursor Position, Size, and Shape
Function 04H, Read Light-Pen Position
Function 05H, Select Active Page
Function 06H, Scroll Window Up
Function 07H, Scroll Window Down
Function 08H, Read Character and Attribute at Cursor
Function 09H, Write Character and Attribute
Function 0AH, Write Character Only
Function 0BH, Select Color Palette
Function 0CH, Write Pixel Dot
Function 0DH, Read Pixel Dot
Function 0EH, Write Character as TTY
Function 0FH, Get Current Video Mode
Function 13H, Write Character String
Intel, Coprocessor Error
Interrupt 11H, Get Peripheral Equipment List
Interrupt 12H, Get Usable Memory Size (KB)
Interrupt 13H, Disk Services
Function 00H, Reset Disk System
Function 01H, Get Disk Status
Function 02H, Read Disk Sectors
Function 03H, Write Disk Sectors
Function 04H, Verify Disk Sectors
Function 05H, Format Disk Tracks
Function 08H, Get Current Drive Parameters
Function 09H, Initialize Hard-Disk Parameter Table
Function 0AH, Read Long
Function 0BH, Write Long
Function 0CH, Seek to Head
Function 0DH, Alternate Disk Reset
Function 10H, Test for Drive Ready
Function 11H, Recalibrate Drive
Function 14H, Controller Diagnostic
Function 15H, Get Disk Type
Function 16H, Check for Change of Floppy Disk Status
Function 17H, Set Disk Type
Interrupt 14H, Serial Port Services
debugging and
Function 00H, Initialize Port Parameters
Function 01H, Send One Character
Function 02H, Receive One Character
Function 03H, Get Port Status
Interrupt 15H, Miscellaneous System Services
access to extended memory functions (table)
block move descriptor table format (table)
Function 02H, Read Data from Cassette
Function 03H, Write Data to Cassette
Function 87H, Move Extended Memory Block
Function 88H, Obtain Size of Extended Memory (table)
Interrupt 16H, Keyboard Services
Function 00H, Read Next Character
Function 01H, Report If Character Ready
Function 02H, Get Shift Status
Interrupt 17H, Printer Services
Function 00H, Send Byte to Printer
Function 01H, Initialize Printer
Function 02H, Get Printer Status
Interrupt 18H, Transfer Control to ROM-BASIC
Interrupt 19H, Reboot Computer (Warm Start)
Interrupt 1AH, Get/Set Time/Date
Function 00H, Read Current Clock Count
Function 01H, Set Current Clock Count
Function 02H, Read Real-Time Clock
Function 03H, Set Real-Time Clock
Function 04H, Read Date from Real-Time Clock
Function 05H, Set Date in Real-Time Clock
Function 06H, Set Alarm
Function 07H, Reset Alarm (Turn Alarm Off)
Interrupt 1BH, Control-Break (user defined)
Interrupt 1CH, Timer Tick (user defined)
Interrupt 1DH, Video Parameter Pointer
Interrupt 1EH, Disk Parameter Pointer
Interrupt 1FH, Graphics Character Table
Interrupt 20H, Terminate Program
terminating .EXE programs
Interrupt 21H, MS-DOS system calls
for accessing directories (table)
compatibility, with MS OS/2
error information
for file and record management (table)
Function 00H, Terminate Process
Function 01H, Character Input with Echo
Function 02H, Character Output
Function 03H, Auxiliary Input
Function 04H, Auxiliary Output
Function 05H, Print Character
Function 06H, Direct Console I/O
Function 07H, Unfiltered Character Input Without Echo
Function 08H, Character Input Without Echo
Function 09H, Display String
Function 0AH, Buffered Keyboard Input
Function 0BH, Check Keyboard Status
Function 0CH, Flush Buffer, Read Keyboard
Function 0DH, Disk Reset
Function 0EH, Select Disk
Function 0FH, Open File with FCB
Function 10H, Close File with FCB
Function 11H, Find First File
Function 12H, Find Next File
Function 13H, Delete File
Function 14H, Sequential Read
Function 15H, Sequential Write
Function 16H, Create File with FCB
Function 17H, Rename File
Function 19H, Get Current Disk
Function 1AH, Set DTA Address
Function 1BH, Get Default Drive Data
Function 1CH, Get Drive Data
Function 21H, Random Read
Function 22H, Random Write
Function 23H, Get File Size
Function 24H, Set Relative Record
Function 25H, Set Interrupt Vector
Function 26H, Create New Program Segment Prefix
Function 27H, Random Block Read
Function 28H, Random Block Write
Function 29H, Parse Filename
Function 2AH, Get Date
Function 2BH, Set Date
Function 2CH, Get Time
Function 2DH, Set Time
Function 2EH, Set/Reset Verify Flag
Function 2FH, Get DTA Address
Function 30H, Get MS-DOS Version Number
Function 31H, Terminate and Stay Resident
(see also Terminate-and-stay-resident utilities)
Function 33H, Get/Set Control-C Check Flag
Function 34H, Return Address of InDOS Flag
Function 35H, Get Interrupt Vector
Function 36H, Get Disk Free Space
Function 38H, Get/Set Current Country
Get Current Country
Set Current Country
Function 39H, Create Directory
Function 3AH, Remove Directory
Function 3BH, Change Current Directory
Function 3CH, Create File with Handle
Function 3DH, Open File with Handle
Function 3EH, Close File
Function 3FH, Read File or Device
Function 40H, Write File or Device
Function 41H, Delete File
Function 42H, Move File Pointer
Function 43H, Get/Set File Attributes
Function 44H, IOCTL
extended MS-DOS version 3.3
Subfunction 00H, Get Device Data
Subfunction 01H, Set Device Data
Subfunction 02H, Receive Control Data from Character Device
Subfunction 03H, Send Control Data to Character Device
Subfunction 04H, Receive Control Data from Block Device
Subfunction 05H, Send Control Data to Block Device
Subfunction 06H, Check Input Status
Subfunction 07H, Check Output Status
Subfunction 08H, Check If Block Device Is Removable
Subfunction 09H, Check If Block Device Is Remote
Subfunction 0AH, Check If Handle Is Remote
Subfunction 0BH, Change Sharing Retry Count
Subfunction 0CH, Generic I/O Control for Handles
Subfunction 0DH, Generic I/O Control for Block Devices
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 40H, Set Device Parameters
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 41H, Write Track on Logical Drive
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 42H, Format and Verify Track on
Logical Drive
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 60H, Get Device Parameters
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 61H, Read Track on Logical Drive
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 62H, Verify Track on Logical Drive
Subfunction 0EH, Get Logical Drive Map
Subfunction 0FH, Set Logical Drive Map
Function 45H, Duplicate File Handle
Function 46H, Force Duplicate File Handle
Function 47H, Get Current Directory
Function 48H, Allocate Memory Block
Function 49H, Free Memory Block
Function 4AH, Resize Memory Block
Function 4BH, Load and Execute Program (EXEC). (see
also EXEC function)
Function 4CH, Terminate Process with Return Code
Function 4DH, Get Return Code of Child Process
Function 4EH, Find First File
Function 4FH, Find Next File
Function 50H, Set Program Segment Prefix Address
Function 51H, Get Program Segment Prefix Address
Function 54H, Get Verify Flag
Function 56H, Rename File
Function 57H, Get/Set Date/Time of File
Function 58H, Get/Set Allocation Strategy
Function 59H, Get Extended Error Information
and newer system calls
and older system calls
Function 5AH, Create Temporary File
Function 5BH, Create New File
Function 5CH, Lock/Unlock File Region
Function 5DH, Set Extended Error Information
Function 5EH, Network Machine Name/Printer Setup
Subfunction 00H, Get Machine Name
Subfunction 02H, Set Printer Setup
Subfunction 03H, Get Printer Setup
Function 5FH, Get/Make Assign-List Entry
Subfunction 02H, Get Assign-List Entry
Subfunction 03H, Make Assign-List Entry
Subfunction 04H, Cancel Assign-List Entry
Function 62H, Get Program Segment Prefix Address
Function 63H, Get Lead Byte Table
Function 65H, Get Extended Country Information
Function 66H, Select Code Page
Function 67H, Set Handle Count
Function 68H, Commit File
for terminate-and-stay-resident programs
Interrupt 22H, Terminate Routine Address
Interrupt 23H, Control-C Handler Address
Interrupt 24H, Critical Error Handler Address
MS-DOS versions 2.0 and later
Interrupt 25H, Absolute Disk Read
Interrupt 26H, Absolute Disk Write
Interrupt 27H, Terminate and Stay Resident.
See also Terminate-and-stay-resident utilities
Interrupt 28H, Idle Interrupt
Interrupt 2FH, Multiplex Interrupt
Interrupt 30H
Interrupt 60H
Interrupt 67H
Interrupt enable register constants, INS8250 UART chip (table)
Interrupt identification and causes, INS8250 UART chip (table)
Interrupt request lines (IRQ)
16-level designs
cascade effect (fig.)
eight-level designs (table)
Interrupt routine (Intr), device driver
Build BIOS Parameter Block function
command-code functions
Device Open/Close functions
Flush Input/Output Buffer functions
Generic IOCTL function
Get/Set Logical Device functions
Init (Initialization) function
Input/Output Status functions
IOCTL Read/Write functions
Media Check function
Nondestructive Read function
Output Until Busy function
Read, Write, and Write with Verify functions
Removable Media function
Interrupt service routine (ISR)
in COMDVR.ASM
hardware module
Interrupt vector functions, in TSR programs
Interrupt vector table
in conventional memory
initializing (fig.)
Invalid Opcode exception. See Interrupt 06H
Invalid Task State Segment (TSS) exception. See Interrupt 0AH
IOCTL. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
IO.SYS
BIOS and
loading (fig.)
modules
ISO Open System Interconnect
ISR. See Interrupt service routine
J
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
JOIN command
ASSIGN and
BACKUP and
CHKDSK and
DISKCOMP and
DISKCOPY and
FORMAT and
MKDIR/MD and
Join Disk to Directory (JOIN)
Jump to Label (GOTO)
K
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Kanji characters (fig.)
Kernel. See MS-DOS kernel
KEYB command
Keyboard
ANSI.SYS key and extended key codes
character input functions (table)
defining
redefining to a specific string
sample input programs
TSR input (see Hot-key sequence)
Keyboard (KEYB)
Keyboard Services. See Interrupt 16H
KEYBxx command
Key commands (CodeView)
Kildall, Gary
L
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Label(s)
displaying volume
jumping to batch-file line following specified label
modify volume
LABEL command
ASSIGN and
Lane, Jim (fig.)
Language menu (CodeView)
Large memory model
LASTDRIVE command (CONFIG.SYS)
LC.ASM lowercase filter program
LEDATA Logical Enumerated Data object record
Letwin, Gordon (fig.)
Lewis, Andrea (fig.)
Library Manager. See LIB utility
LIB utility
LIDATA Logical Iterated Data object record
Lifeboat Associates
Line control register bit values (table)
Line Editor (EDLIN)
Line number, defined
Line Status Register bit values (table)
LINK. See Object Linker
LINNUM Line Number object record
List Breakpoints (SYMDEB BL)
List Lines (EDLIN L)
LNAMES List of Names object record
Load and Execute Program. See EXEC function; Interrupt 21H Func-
tion 4BH
Loader, operating system
Load File or Sectors
DEBUG L
SYMDEB L
Load Graphics Character Set (GRAFTABL)
Load Graphics Screen-Dump Program (GRAPHICS)
Loading MS-DOS
COMMAND.COM shell
ROM BIOS, POST and bootstrapping
system initialization
Lock/Unlock File Region
Loop or Subroutine, Proceed Through
LPT1 (first parallel printer port)
LPT2 (second parallel printer port)
LPT3 (third parallel printer port)
M
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
McDonald, Marc (fig.)
Machine Code Display Mode, Enable
Machine language
assembling
disassembling programs in
Macro(s), in MAKE utility
Macro Assembler, Microsoft. See Microsoft Macro Assembler
Maintain Programs (MAKE)
Make Assign-List Entry
Make Directory (MKDIR or MD)
MAKE utility
Map files, processed to create symbol files
MAPSYM utility
MARK condition
Maskable interrupts
characteristics of
general interrupt sequence (fig.)
handling
8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) (fig.)
IRQ levels
MASM. See Microsoft Macro Assembler
MAXALLOC field
.EXE memory
modifying
MCOPY program
MD command. See MKDIR/MD command
M-DOS, development of
Medium memory model
Memory
allocated to .COM and .EXE programs
comparing areas of
conventional (see Conventional memory)
displaying
entering data into
expanded (see Expanded memory)
extended (see Extended memory)
filling
linear vs segmented
making available with EXEC
management
with MS-DOS kernel
with Windows
moving area contents
MS-DOS requirements
preallocated, in .EXE programs
searching
segments (see Memory segments)
system calls for
transient use of, by COMMAND.COM
TSR RAM management
virtual disk in
Memory arena
Memory-image files, converting .EXE files to
Memory models, for .EXE programs
MEMORY parameter
Memory segments
absolute segments
alignment of
classes of
concatenated segments
creating values
DGROUP
fixups (fig.)
frames
groups for unified addressing
groups of segments
vs linear memory
logical segments
order and combinations
overlays
relocatable segments
TSR programs
uninitialized data
Memory Size. See Interrupt 12H
MEMO.TXT program
Messaging system, Windows
Metafiles (Windows)
Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS) (fig.)
Microprocessor, MS-DOS requirements for. See also specific chips
Microsoft Corporation
8086 chip technology and
BASIC development
competition with CP/M
M-DOS development
MS-DOS (see Development of MS-DOS; MS-DOS operating system; MS-DOS
versions 1.x through version 3.3)
OS/2 (see MS OS/2)
personnel in 1978 (fig.)
Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM)
description
messages
sample program structuring with SEGMENT and GROUP
using GROUP to control .EXE programs
using SEGMENT to control .EXE programs
utilities with
Microsoft Networks. See also Networking
Microsoft Object Linker (LINK). See Object Linker
Microsoft Windows. See Windows
MINALLOC field
.EXE memory
modifying
Miscellaneous System Services. See Interrupt 15H
Mitsubishi Corporation
MKDIR/MD command
Mode(s), real vs protected operating
MODE command
AUTOEXEC.BAT and
code-page options
display
MS-DOS version 3.3
printer
redirect printing
serial port
Modem
Modem Control Register bit values (table)
Modem engine
code
implementing with MS-DOS functions
Modem Status Register bit values (table)
MODEND Module End object record
Modified frequency modulation (MFM)
Modify .EXE File Header (EXEMOD)
Modify Volume Label (LABEL)
MODULE_A program
MODULE_B program
MODULE_C program
Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA)
MORE command
Move (Copy) Data
DEBUG M
SYMDEB M
Move Extended Memory Block. See Interrupt 15H Function 87H
Move File Pointer. See Interrupt 21H Function 42H
Move Lines (EDLIN M)
MS-DOS Executive (Windows) (fig.)
MS-DOS kernel. See also MSDOS.SYS
file system
initializing
memory management
peripheral support
process control
MS-DOS operating system. See also BIOS; COMMAND.COM; MS-DOS kernel
basic character devices
basic requirements for
compatibility with OS/2
hardware issues
operating-system issues
development of (see Development of MS-DOS)
displaying version
loading
major elements of
system components
system initialization (see SYSINIT)
three operating system types (table)
user interface 55 (see also COMMAND.COM; SHELL comand)
versions. See also names of individual versions, e.g.,
MS-DOS versions 1.x
MSDOS.SYS. See also MS-DOS kernel
loading (fig.)
moving to begin initialization (fig.)
MS-DOS system calls. See System calls, MS-DOS
MS-DOS versions 1.x
development of
MS-DOS versions 2.x
development of
internal stack use in TSR programs
MS-DOS version 3.0
development of
extended error information
internal stack use in TSR programs
MS-DOS version 3.1
development of
extended error information
MS-DOS version 3.2
development of
extended error information
MS-DOS version 3.3
critical error handling
new national language support
programming considerations
extension of IOCTL
file management
internationalization support
MS-DOS partitions extension
user considerations
batch-file processing
enhanced commands
FASTOPEN command
PC-DOS commands
MS OS/2 operating system, programming for compatibility
hardware
operating-system issues
Multi-Color Graphics Array (MCGA)
Multiplex Interrupt. See Interrupt 2FH
Multitasking
compatibility issues in
Windows
MYFILE.DAT program
N
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Name File or Command-Tail Parameters
DEBUG N
SYMDEB N
National language support, MS-DOS version 3.3. See also COUNTRY
command
code pages and code-page switching
for EGA-only systems
for PS/2 and printer
modified support commands
new support commands
system files
National Language Support Function (NLSFUNC) command, MS-DOS
Network Adapter card, IBM
Networking
installing file-sharing support
MS-DOS versions 3.x
Network Machine Name/Printer Setup. See Interrupt 21H Function 5EH
New Executable file header format
code and data segment
entry table
imported names table
module reference table
nonresident names tables
vs old
resident names table
resource table
segment table
Nishi, Kay
NLSFUNC command
Nonmaskable interrupt (NMI). See also Interrupt 02H
NOTEPAD display (Windows) (fig.)
NUL device
and CTTY
O
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OBJDUMP.C program
Object files
hexadecimal files format
Object Linker (LINK)
building a .EXE file header (table)
combine parameters
converting .EXE files produced by, with EXE2BIN
creating .EXE files
creating map files with
description of
environmental variables in
functions of
LINK intervals
messages
object files, object libraries, and LIB
object module order
operating in .EXE program
organizing memory with
return codes
segment order/combinations
Object module(s)
contents of
dump utility
linking (see Object Linker)
object record formats
object records listed
order of
structure of
object record order
references between records
terminology
translation of assembly programs into relocatable (see Microsoft Macro
Assembler)
types of (fig.)
typical
use of
Object module library file
creating/modifying
Object records
formats
listed
order
references between
types (fig.)
Obtain Size of Extended Memory. See Interrupt 15H Function 88H
OFFSET operator (MASM), using on labels in grouped segments
Open File with FCB. See Interrupt 21H Function 0FH
Open File with Handle. See Interrupt 21H Function 3DH
Open-loop servomechanism
Open Symbol Map (SYMDEB XO)
Operating system
compatibility issues, MS-DOS and MS OS/2
error codes
filenames
MS-DOS function calls
multitasking concerns
seeks
in conventional memory
three types of (table)
transfer
Operating-system loader
Options menu (CodeView)
O'Rear, Bob (fig.)
OS/2 operating system. See MS OS/2 operating system
Output to Port
DEBUG O
SYMDEB O
Overflow Trap exception. See Interrupt 04H
OVERLAY.ASM program
Overlays, program
EXEC function and
example program
loading and executing
making memory available
preparing parameters
LINK memory organization using
P
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
PAGE alignment
Page Fault exception. See Interrupt 0EH
Panners, Nancy
PARA alignment
Parallel port, input/output
PARENT.ASM program
Parent program, use of EXEC by
sample program
Parity parameters
Parse Filename. See Interrupt 21H Function 29H
Partition(s)
block device
extended, in MS-DOS version 3.3
Partition table
Pascal (language)
Pascal Compiler, Microsoft, utilities with
Paterson, Tim
PATH commmand
AUTOEXEC.BAT and
COMMAND.COM and
SET and
PATH variable
PAUSE command (BATCH)
PC-DOS
basic character devices
commands from, included in MS-DOS version 3.3
commands only in
loading
memory requirements
versions
PC Probe hardware debugging aid
PC ROM BIOS function calls. See also Interrupt 10H through 1AH
Perform Conditional Execution (IF)
Perform Hexadecimal Arithmetic
DEBUG H
SYMDEB H
Perform Stack Trace (SYMDEB K)
Peripheral devices supported by MS-DOS
Peripheral support, with MS-DOS kernel
Periscope hardware debugging aid
Peters, Chris
PIFEDIT (Windows)
Pipes
I/O redirection through
POST (power-on self test), and loading MS-DOS
Print Character. See Interrupt 21H Function 05H
PRINT command
ASSIGN and
Printer. See also PRN
configuring
input/output
redirecting output
Printer Services. See Interrupt 17H
Print Screen. See Interrupt 05H
Print Spooler (PRINT)
development in MS-DOS
PRN (printer output). See also LPT1; LPT2; LPT3
CTTY and
filters and
opening
Proceed Through Loop or Subroutine
DEBUG P
SYMDEB P
Process control, with MS-DOS kernel
Process management system calls
Program(s). See also .COM program files; .EXE program files
assembling machine instructions for
crash protection for
debugger
disassembling
go execute
loading (see EXEC function)
overlays (see Overlays, program)
timing of
trace execution of
Program Debugger (DEBUG). See also Debugging in MS-DOS; DEBUG
utility
Program Information File (PIF)
Programmable Interrupt Controller. See Intel 8259A Programmable Interrupt
Controller (PIC); Maskable interrupts
Program segment(s)
controlling .EXE programs with MASM GROUP
controlling .EXE programs with MASM SEGMENT
size reduction of
Program segment prefix (PSP)
.EXE programs
file control block functions and
get/set address functions in TSR programs
inserting filenames/switches into simulated
structure
warm boot/terminate vector
PROMPT command
AUTOEXEC.BAT and
COMMAND.COM and
escape sequences in
SET and
Protected mode
compatibility issues
vs real mode
PROTOC.ASM character filter program
PROTOC.C character filter program
PROTOL.ASM line filter program
PROTOL.C line filter program
p-System operating system
PUBDEF Public Names Definition object record
PUBLIC parameter
Q
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
QDOS operating system
QuickBASIC programs
Quit DEBUG (DEBUG Q)
Quit EDLIN (EDLIN Q)
Quit SYMDEB (SYMDEB Q)
R
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RAMdisk
RAMDRIVE.SYS
Random Block Read. See Interrupt 21H Function 27H
Random Block Write. See Interrupt 21H Function 28H
Random Read. See Interrupt 21H Function 21H
Random Write. See Interrupt 21H Function 22H
Range, defined
Raster operation codes (Windows)
Raw versus cooked mode
RD command. See RMDIR/RD command
Read Character and Attribute at Cursor. See Interrupt 10H Function 08H
Read Current Clock Count. See Interrupt 1AH Function 00H
Read Cursor Position, Size, and Shape. See Interrupt 10H Function 03H
Read Data from Cassette. See Interrupt 15H Function 02H
Read Date from Real-Time Clock. See Interrupt 1AH Function 04H
Read Disk Sectors. See Interrupt 13H Function 02H
Read File or Device. See Interrupt 21H Function 3FH
Read Light-Pen Position. See Interrupt 10H Function 04H
Read Long. See Interrupt 13H Function 0AH
Read Next Character. See Interrupt 16H Function 00H
Read Pixel Dot. See Interrupt 10H Function 0DH
Read Real-Time Clock. See Interrupt 1AH Function 02H
Read Track on Logical Drive. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 0DH
Read/write multiple sectors
Real mode
Reboot Computer (Warm Start). See Interrupt 19H
Recalibrate Drive. See Interrupt 13H Function 11H
Receive Control Data from Block Device. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 04H
Receive Control Data from Character Device. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 02H
Receive One Character. See Interrupt 14H Function 02H
RECOVER command
Recover Files (RECOVER)
Redirectable I/O, and filter operation
Redirect Printing (MODE)
Redirect SYMDEB Input (SYMDEB <)
Redirect SYMDEB Input and Output (SYMDEB =)
Redirect SYMDEB Output (SYMDEB >)
Redirect Target Program Input (SYMDEB {)
Redirect Target Program Input and Output (SYMDEB ~)
Redirect Target Program Output (Symdeb })
Registers
AX-extended error code, MS-DOS version 3.3
BH-error class, MS-DOS version 3.3
BL-suggested action, MS-DOS version 3.3
child program execution
CH-locus, MS-DOS version 3.3
critical error handling
DEBUG initialization
displaying or modifying
.EXE program settings
expanded memory
extended error information
extended memory
INS8250 UART chip
maintained by DEBUG
maintained by SYMDEB
overlay execution
PC
Relocation pointer table, in .EXE file headers
REM command (BATCH)
Remove Directory. See Interrupt 21H Function 3AH
Remove Directory (RMDIR or RD)
Rename File (RENAME or REN). See Interrupt 21H Function 17H; Interrupt 21H
Function 56H
RENAME/REN command
REPLACE command
Replace Text (EDLIN R)
Report If Character Ready. See Interrupt 16H Function 01H
Request header, device driver (fig.)
device open/close (fig.)
flush input/output status (fig.)
generic IOCTL (fig.)
get/set logical device (fig.)
initialization (fig.)
input/output status (fig.)
IOCTL Read, Write, Write with Verify (fig.)
media check (fig.)
nondestructive read
removable media (fig.)
status word (table)
Reset Alarm (Turn Alarm Off). See Interrupt 1AH Function 07H
Reset Disk System. See Interrupt 13H Function 00H
Resize Memory Block. See Interrupt 21H Function 4AH
Restart System. See Interrupt 19H
Restore Backup Files (RESTORE)
RESTORE command
ASSIGN and
BACKUP and
JOIN and
RET instruction, terminating .EXE programs with
Return Address of InDOS Flag. See Interrupt 21H Function 34H
Reynolds, Aaron, in development of MS-DOS
RMDIR/RD command
ROM BASIC. See Interrupt 18H
ROM BIOS
loading MS-DOS and
location in memory (fig.)
role in display I/O
role in keyboard I/O
system calls (see also Interrupts 10H through 1AH)
tables (fig.)
TSR interrupt processing
ROM monitor operating system
ROOT.ASM program
Root directory
RS232C signals (table)
Run length limited (RLL) encoding
Run menu (CodeView)
S
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SAMPLE.C program (Windows)
display (fig.)
.EXE file construction
header (fig.)
make file (fig.)
message processing
module-definition file (fig.)
program initialization
resource script
source code
Sams, Jack
Screen. See also Display output
ANSI.SYS escape sequences to control
clearing
controlling
graphics mode (see Graphics)
screen output debugging with CodeView
swap
Scroll Window Down. See Interrupt 10H Function 07H
Scroll Window Up. See Interrupt 10H Function 06H
Search for Text (EDLIN S)
Search Memory
DEBUG S
SYMDEB S
Search menu (CodeView)
Search path
defining command
setting with APPEND
Seattle Computer Products, and 86-DOS
Sector, disk
loading
writing
Seeks, compatibility issues
Seek to Head. See Interrupt 13H Function 0CH
SEGDEF Segment Definition object record
Segment. See Memory segments; Program segment(s); Program segment prefix
(PSP); SEGMENT directive
SEGMENT directive (MASM), to structure .EXE programs
align type parameter
class type parameter
combine type parameter
ordering segments to shrink .EXE files
sample .EXE program using
Segment Not Present exception See Interrupt 0BH
Select Active Page. See Interrupt 10H Function 05H
Select Code Page function
Select Color Palette. See Interrupt 10H Function 0BH
SELECT command
MS-DOS version 3.3
Select Disk. See Interrupt 21H Function 0EH
Send Byte to Printer. See Interrupt 17H Function 00H
Send Control Data to Block Device. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 05H
Send Control Data to Character Device. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 03H
Send One Character. See Interrupt 14H Function 01H
Sequential Read. See Interrupt 21H Function 14H
Sequential Write. See Interrupt 21H Function 15H
Serial communications monitoring
debugging program
demonstration program
Serial communications ports
configuring
hardware
programming examples
Serial Port Services. See Interrupt 14H
Servomechanism, open vs closed loop
Set Alarm
Set Block-Device Parameters (DRIVPARM)
Set Breakpoints (SYMDEB BP)
SET command
AUTOEXEC.BAT and
COMMAND.COM and
Set Control-C Check (BREAK)
Set Country Code (COUNTRY)
Set Current Clock Count. See Interrupt 1AH Function 01H
Set Current Country. See Interrupt 21H Function 38H
Set Cursor Position. See Interrupt 10H Function 02H
Set Cursor Size and Shape. See Interrupt 10H Function 01H
Set Data-File Search Path (APPEND)
Set Date (DATE)
Set Date in Real-Time Clock. See Interrupt 1AH Function 05H
Set Device Data. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 01H
Set Device Parameters. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 0DH
Set Disk Type. See Interrupt 13H Function 17H
Set Display Mode (MODE)
Set DTA Address. See Interrupt 21H Function 1AH
Set Environment Variable (SET)
Set Extended Error Information. See Interrupt 21H Function 5DH
Set Handle Count Function
Set Highest Logical Drive (LASTDRIVE)
Set Interrupt Vector. See Interrupt 21H Function 25H
Set Logical Drive Map. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H Subfunction 0FH
Set Maximum Open Files
using file control blocks (FCBs)
using handles (FILES)
set_mdm() parameter coding (table)
Set Printer Setup. See Interrupt 21H Function 5EH Subfunction 02H
Set Program Segment Prefix Address. See Interrupt 21H Function 50H
Set Real-Time Clock. See Interrupt 1AH Function 03H
Set Relative Record. See Interrupt 21H Function 24H
Set/Reset Verify Flag. See Interrupt 21H Function 2EH
Set Symbol Value (SYMDEB Z)
Set System Time (TIME)
Set Time. See Interrupt 21H Function 2DH
SETUP program
Set Verify Flag (VERIFY)
Set Video Mode. See Interrupt 10H Function 00H
SHARE command
Shell. See also COMMAND.COM
custom
escape to
SHELL.ASM program
SHELL command (CONFIG.SYS)
COMMAND.COM and
replacing COMMAND.COM with a custom shell
SET and
SHIFT command (BATCH)
with GOTO
Shift Replaceable Parameters (SHIFT)
Single Step exception. See Interrupt 01H
Small memory model
SNAP.ASM program
activating the application
block structure of (fig.)
code
detecting a hot key
executing
installing
Softcard
SofTech Microsystems
Software. See also Application programs; Operating system; Program(s)
in the development of MS-DOS
instrumentation debugging
three layers of
Software Bus 86 operating system
Software Development Kit (Windows)
SORT command
SORT.EXE program
Source code
displaying mode
disabling
enabling
displaying source line
viewing
SPACE signal
Special characters
Kanji and Hangeul
Specify Command Processor (SHELL)
SPOOLER (Windows)
Stack(s). See Internal stacks
Stack exception. See Interrupt 0CH
STACK parameter
STACKS command (CONFIG.SYS)
Stand-alone Disk BASIC
Stop bits
Storage devices. See also Block device(s)
block device layout
file system layout
partition layout
Strategy routine (Strat), in device drivers
Subdirectory
copying
substituting drive for
Subroutine, proceed through
SUBST command
ASSIGN and
BACKUP and
CHKDSK and
DISKCOMP and
DISKCOPY and
FORMAT and
JOIN and
LABEL and
MKDIR/MD and
RMDIR/RD and
Substitute Drive for Subdirectory (SUBST)
Suspend Batch-File Execution (PAUSE)
Swap Screen (SYMDEB \)
Symbol
defined
set value
Symbol file, for use with with SYMDEB
Symbolic Debugger (SYMDEB). See also Debugging in MS-DOS; SYMDEB
utility
Symbol map
examining
opening
SYMDEB utility
A command
BC command
BD command
BE command
binary operators
BL command
BP command
C command
commands and actions (table)
creating symbol file for
D command
DA command
DB command
DD command
debugging C programs with
debugging TSRs with
description
DL command
DS command
DT command
DW command
E command
EA command
EB command
ED command
EL command
ES command
ET command
EW command
examples
F command
G command
H command
I command
K command
L command
MAPSYM and
M command
N command
O command
P command
Q command
R command
registers and flags
S command
S+ command
S- command
S& command
T command
U command
unary operators
V command
W command
X command
XO command
Z command
< command
> command
= command
{ command
} command
~ command
\ command
. command
? command
! command
* command
SYS command
ASSIGN and
SYSINIT
System batch-file interpreter (BATCH)
System calls, MS-DOS. See also Interrupts 20H through 2FH
arranged by functional group
format
PC ROM BIOS
version differences
System configuration and control commands
BREAK
COMMAND
DATE
EXIT
PROMPT
SELECT
SET
SHARE
TIME
VER
System Configuration File (CONFIG.SYS)
System configuration file directives
BREAK
BUFFERS
COUNTRY
DEVICE
DRIVPARM
FCBS
FILES
LASTDRIVE
SHELL
STACKS
System Startup Batch File (AUTOEXEC.BAT)
T
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Tandy 2000 computer
Tape drive storage
Template, editing buffer
TEMPLATE.ASM character-device driver
TERMINAL dialog box (Windows) (fig.)
Terminal emulator CTERM.C
Terminate and Stay Resident. See Interrupt 21H Function 31H; Interrupt 27H
Terminate-and-stay-resident utilities. See also Interrupt 21H
Function 31H; Interrupt 27H
APPEND command
building instrumentation software for debugging with
determining MS-DOS status
multiplex interrupt
organization in memory (fig.)
programming examples
HELLO.ASM
SNAP.ASM
segment order for
structure of
system calls for
using SYMDEB to debug
Terminate Command Processor (EXIT)
Terminate Process. See Interrupt 21H Function 00H
Terminate Process with Return Code. See Interrupt 21H Function 4CH
Terminate Program. See Interrupt 20H
Terminate Routine Address. See Interrupt 22H
TESTCOMM.ASM programs
corrected code
incorrect code
Test for Drive Ready. See Interrupt 13H Function 10H
Text and files (Windows)
Text editor, escape sequences in. See also EDLIN commands
THEADR Translator Header object record
TIME command
Timer
setting date
setting time
Timer Tick (user defined). See Interrupt 1CH
Time-slicing
TINYDISK.ASM block-device driver
Torode, John
Trace Program Execution
DEBUG T
SYMDEB T
Tracks, disk (fig.)
Traf-O-Data machine
Transfer Another File (EDLIN T)
Transfer Control to ROM-BASIC. See Interrupt 18H
Transfer System Files (SYS)
Transient program area (TPA)
in conventional memory
TREE command
TSR. See Terminate-and-stay-resident utilities
TYPDEF Type Definition object record
TYPE command
escape sequences using
U
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
UART. See INS8250 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)
Ulloa, Mani
Unary operators, SYMDEB
Unfiltered Character Input Without Echo. See Interrupt 21H Function 07H
UNIX operating system
directories
file management
Update Files (REPLACE)
UPPERCAS.C programs
correct code (fig.)
correction of
incorrect (fig.)
V
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER command
VERIFY command
Verify Disk Sectors. See Interrupt 13H Function 04H
Verify flag, set
Verify Track on Logical Drive. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 0DH
Version, display
Victor Corporation
Video. See Character-device input/output; Display output; Screen
Video Graphics Array (VGA)
Video Parameter Pointer. See Interrupt 1DH
Video Services. See Interrupt 10H
View menu (CodeView)
View Source Code (SYMDEB V)
Virtual Disk (RAMDRIVE.SYS)
Virtual Disk (VDISK.SYS)
VOL command
Volume label(s)
displaying
modifying
program example for updating
W
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Wallace, Bob (fig.)
Warm boot
Warm Boot/Terminate vector
Watch menu (CodeView)
Watchpoints
Wildcard(s)
COPY
DEL/ERASE
DIR
directory searches
REPLACE
RESTORE
Window-Oriented Debugger (CodeView). See also CodeView utility;
Debugging in MS-DOS
Windows
application and utility programs in
data sharing/data exchange
Clipboard
dynamic data exchange
display
dialog boxes
parts of the window
graphics device interface
internationalization
memory management
MS-DOS Executive (fig.)
multitasking
new executable header
program categories
structure of
libraries and programs
modules
structure of a program
message processing
message processing example
messages
messaging system
program components
program construction
program initialization
software development kit
Wood, Marla (fig.)
Wood, Steve (fig.)
Word(s), 16-bit
displaying
entering
WORD alignment
Wrap around, screen display
Write Character and Attribute. See Interrupt 10H Function 09H
Write Character as TTY. See Interrupt 10H Function 0EH
Write Character Only. See Interrupt 10H Function 0AH
Write Character String. See Interrupt 10H Function 13H
Write Data to Cassette. See Interrupt 15H Function 03H
Write Disk Sectors. See Interrupt 13H Function 03H
Write File or Device. See Interrupt 21H Function 40H
Write File or Sectors
DEBUG W
SYMDEB W
Write Lines to Disk (EDLIN W)
Write Long. See Interrupt 13H Function 0BH
Write Pixel Dot. See Interrupt 10H Function 0CH
Write Track on Logical Drive. See Interrupt 21H Function 44H
Subfunction 0DH
X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
XCOPY command
ATTRIB and
DISKCOPY and
XENIX operating system
directories
XON/XOFF
Z
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Zbikowski, Mark, in the development of MS-DOS
Z-DOS operating system
COMMANDS AND SYSTEM CALLS
This index lists only primary command and system call entries.
Please use the Subject Index for related entries.
SYMBOLS
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@ (BATCH)
A
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ANSI.SYS
APPEND
ASSIGN
ATTRIB
AUTOEXEC.BAT (BATCH)
B
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
BACKUP
BATCH
BREAK
BREAK (CONFIG.SYS)
BUFFERS (CONFIG.SYS)
C
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
CALL (BATCH)
CD
CHCP
CHDIR
CHKDSK
CLS
CodeView utility
COMMAND
COMP
CONFIG.SYS
COPY
COUNTRY (CONFIG.SYS)
CREF utility
CTTY
D
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
DATE
DEBUG, general
DEBUG utility
A command
C command
D command
E command
F command
G command
H command
I command
L command
M command
N command
O command
P command
Q command
R command
S command
T command
U command
W command
DELETE
DEVICE (CONFIG.SYS)
DIR
DISKCOMP
DISKCOPY
DRIVER.SYS
DRIVPARM (CONFIG.SYS)
E
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ECHO (BATCH)
EDLIN, general
EDLIN line editor
A command
C command
D command
E command
I command
L command
linenumber command
M command
P command
Q command
R command
S command
T command
W command
ERASE
EXE2BIN utility
EXEMOD utility
EXEPACK utility
EXIT
F
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
FASTOPEN
FC
FCBS (CONFIG.SYS)
FDISK
FILES (CONFIG.SYS)
FIND
FOR (BATCH)
FORMAT
G
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
GOTO (BATCH)
GRAFTABL
GRAPHICS
I
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
IF (BATCH)
Interrupt 10H, Video Services
Function 00H, Set Video Mode
Function 01H, Set Cursor Size and Shape
Function 02H, Set Cursor Position
Function 03H, Read Cursor Position, Size, and Shape
Function 04H, Read Light-Pen Position
Function 05H, Select Active Page
Function 06H, Scroll Window Up
Function 07H, Scroll Window Down
Function 08H, Read Character and Attribute at Cursor
Function 09H, Write Character and Attribute
Function 0AH, Write Character Only
Function 0BH, Select Color Palette
Function 0CH, Write Pixel Dot
Function 0DH, Read Pixel Dot
Function 0EH, Write Character as TTY
Function 0FH, Get Current Video Mode
Function 13H, Write Character String
Interrupt 11H, Get Peripheral Equipment List
Interrupt 12H, Get Usable Memory Size (KB)
Interrupt 13H, Disk Services
Function 00H, Reset Disk System
Function 01H, Get Disk Status
Function 02H, Read Disk Sectors
Function 03H, Write Disk Sectors
Function 04H, Verify Disk Sectors
Function 05H, Format Disk Tracks
Function 08H, Get Current Drive Parameters
Function 09H, Initialize Hard-Disk Parameter Table
Function 0AH, Read Long
Function 0BH, Write Long
Function 0CH, Seek to Head
Function 0DH, Alternate Disk Reset
Function 10H, Test for Drive Ready
Function 11H, Recalibrate Drive
Function 14H, Controller Diagnostic
Function 15H, Get Disk Type
Function 16H, Check for Change of Floppy-Disk Status
Function 17H, Set Disk Type
Interrupt 14H, Serial Port Services
Function 00H, Initialize Port Parameters
Function 01H, Send One Character
Function 02H, Receive One Character
Function 03H, Get Port Status
Interrupt 15H, Miscellaneous System Services
Function 00H, Turn On Cassette Motor
Function 01H, Turn Off Cassette Motor
Function 02H, Read Data from Cassette
Function 03H, Write Data to Cassette
Interrupt 16H, Keyboard Services
Function 00H, Read Next Character
Function 01H, Report If Character Ready
Function 02H, Get Shift Status
Interrupt 17H, Printer Services
Function 00H, Send Byte to Printer
Function 01H, Initialize Printer
Function 02H, Get Printer Status
Interrupt 18H, Transfer Control to ROM-BASIC
Interrupt 19H, Reboot Computer (Warm Start)
Interrupt 1AH, Get and Set Time
Function 00H, Read Current Clock Count
Function 01H, Set Current Clock Count
Function 02H, Read Real-Time Clock
Function 03H, Set Real-Time Clock
Function 04H, Read Date from Real-Time Clock
Function 05H, Set Date in Real-Time Clock
Function 06H, Set Alarm
Function 07H, Reset Alarm (Turn Alarm Off)
Interrupt 20H, Terminate Program
Interrupt 21H, MS-DOS function calls
Function 00H, Terminate Process
Function 01H, Character Input with Echo
Function 02H, Character Output
Function 03H, Auxiliary Input
Function 04H, Auxiliary Output
Function 05H, Print Character
Function 06H, Direct Console I/O
Function 07H, Unfiltered Character Input Without Echo
Function 08H, Character Input Without Echo
Function 09H, Display String
Function 0AH, Buffered Keyboard Input
Function 0BH, Check Keyboard Status
Function 0CH, Flush Buffer, Read Keyboard
Function 0DH, Disk Reset
Function 0EH, Select Disk
Function 0FH, Open File with FCB
Function 10H, Close File with FCB
Function 11H, Find First File
Function 12H, Find Next File
Function 13H, Delete File
Function 14H, Sequential Read
Function 15H, Sequential Write
Function 16H, Create File with FCB
Function 17H, Rename File
Function 19H, Get Current Disk
Function 1AH, Set DTA Address
Function 1BH, Get Default Drive Data
Function 1CH, Get Drive Data
Function 21H, Random Read
Function 22H, Random Write
Function 23H, Get File Size
Function 24H, Set Relative Record
Function 25H, Set Interrupt Vector
Function 26H, Create New Program Segment Prefix
Function 27H, Random Block Read
Function 28H, Random Block Write
Function 29H, Parse Filename
Function 2AH, Get Date
Function 2BH, Set Date
Function 2CH, Get Time
Function 2DH, Set Time
Function 2EH, Set/Reset Verify Flag
Function 2FH, Get DTA Address
Function 30H, Get MS-DOS Version Number
Function 31H, Terminate and Stay Resident
Function 33H, Get/Set Control-C Check Flag
Function 34H, Return Address of InDOS Flag
Function 35H, Get Interrupt Vector
Function 36H, Get Disk Free Space6
Function 38H, Get/Set Current Country
Get Current Country
Set Current Country
Function 39H, Create Directory
Function 3AH, Remove Directory
Function 3BH, Change Current Directory
Function 3CH, Create File with Handle
Function 3DH, Open File with Handle
Function 3EH, Close File
Function 3FH, Read File or Device
Function 40H, Write File or Device
Function 41H, Delete File
Function 42H, Move File Pointer
Function 43H, Get/Set File Attributes
Function 44H, IOCTL
Subfunction 00H, Get Device Data
Subfunction 01H, Set Device Data
Subfunction 02H, Receive Control Data from Character Device
Subfunction 03H, Send Control Data to Character Device
Subfunction 04H, Receive Control Data from Block Device
Subfunction 05H, Send Control Data to Block Device
Subfunction 06H, Check Input Status
Subfunction 07H, Check Output Status
Subfunction 08H, Check If Block Device Is Removable
Subfunction 09H, Check If Block Device Is Remote
Subfunction 0AH, Check If Handle Is Remote
Subfunction 0BH, Change Sharing Retry Count
Subfunction 0CH, Generic I/O Control for Handles
Subfunction 0DH, Generic I/O Control for Block Devices
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 40H, Set Device Parameters
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 41H, Write Track on Logical Drive
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 42H, Format and Verify Track on
Logical Drive
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 60H, Get Device Parameters
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 61H, Read Track on Logical Drive
Subfunction 0DH, minor code 62H, Verify Track on Logical Drive
Subfunction 0EH, Get Logical Drive Map
Subfunction 0FH, Set Logical Drive Map
Function 45H, Duplicate File Handle
Function 46H, Force Duplicate File Handle
Function 47H, Get Current Directory
Function 48H, Allocate Memory Block
Function 49H, Free Memory Block
Function 4AH, Resize Memory Block
Function 4BH, Load and Execute Program (EXEC)
Function 4CH, Terminate Process with Return Code
Function 4DH, Get Return Code of Child Process
Function 4EH, Find First File
Function 4FH, Find Next File
Function 54H, Get Verify Flag
Function 56H, Rename File
Function 57H, Get/Set Date/Time of File
Function 58H, Get/Set Allocation Strategy
Function 59H, Get Extended Error Information
Function 5AH, Create Temporary File
Function 5BH, Create New File
Function 5CH, Lock/Unlock File Region
Function 5EH, Network Machine Name/Printer Setup
Subfunction 00H, Get Machine Name
Subfunction 02H, Set Printer Setup
Subfunction 03H, Get Printer Setup
Function 5FH, Get/Make Assign-List Entry
Subfunction 02H, Get Assign-List Entry
Subfunction 03H, Make Assign-List Entry
Subfunction 04H, Cancel Assign-List Entry
Function 62H, Get Program Segment Prefix Address
Function 63H, Get Lead Byte Table
Function 65H, Get Extended Country Information
Function 66H, Select Code Page
Function 67H, Set Handle Count
Function 68H, Commit File Function
Interrupt 22H, Terminate Routine Address
Interrupt 23H, Control-C Handler Address
Interrupt 24H, Critical Error Handler Address
Interrupt 25H, Absolute Disk Read
Interrupt 26H, Absolute Disk Write
Interrupt 27H, Terminate and Stay Resident
Interrupt 2FH, Multiplex Interrupt
J, K, L
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
JOIN
KEYB
KEYBxx
LABEL
LASTDRIVE (CONFIG.SYS)
LIB utility
LINK utility
M
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
MAKE utility
MAPSYM utility
MASM utility
MD
MKDIR
MODE
MORE
N, P
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
NLSFUNC
PATH
PAUSE (BATCH)
PRINT
Programming Utilities (Introduction)
PROMPT
R
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RAMDRIVE.SYS
RD
RECOVER
REM (BATCH)
REN
RENAME
REPLACE
RESTORE
RMDIR
S
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT
SET
SHARE
SHELL (CONFIG.SYS)
SHIFT (BATCH)
SORT
STACKS (CONFIG.SYS)
SUBST
SYMDEB, general
SYMDEB utility
A command
BC command
BD command
BE command
BL command
BP command
C command
D command
DA command
DB command
DD command
DL command
DS command6
DT command
DW command
E command
EA command
EB command
ED command
EL command
ES command
ET command
EW command
F command
G command
H command
I command
K command
L command
M command
N command
O command
P command
Q command
R command
S command
S+ command
S- command
S& command
T command
U command
V command
W command
X command
XO command
Z command
< command
> command
= command
{ command
} command
~ command
\ command
. command
? command
! command
* command
SYS
System Calls (Introduction)
format of entries
by functional group
version differences
T, U
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TIME
TREE
TYPE
User Commands (Introduction)
by functional group
key to entries
V, X
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VDISK.SYS
VER
VERIFY
VOL
XCOPY
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